Archives of Management and Social Sciences
The Archives of Management and Social Sciences (AMSS) is a quarterly, double peer-reviewed journal published by Allied Nexus Publisher (ANP), registered under incorporation number 0239869 with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), in accordance with applicable laws. It is dedicated to publishing empirical research in the fields of law, business, and social sciences, bridging the gap between academics, business, and society. We seek to advance business and management theory while addressing critical societal issues and their relationship to various business domains. AMS welcomes a wide range of empirical methods, including: Qualitative and quantitative studies Case studies Systematic reviews Meta-analyses Bibliographic studies Mixed methods research What We Look For: To be published in AMSS, research must make significant empirical and theoretical contributions to academia, business, and society. We encourage original, insightful, and theoretically proactive work that addresses important issues and adds value to the field. Global Collaboration: AMSS fosters collaboration among researchers worldwide, creating insights that transcend geographic boundaries and enrich scholarly dialogue. Join us in producing research that truly makes an impact. The journal adheres to the highest ethical standards as a Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) member. Submit your manuscript and contribute to shaping the future of business and societal research!
The Strategic Imperative of Industry 5.0 for the Future of Marketing
I would like to draw scholarly attention to the accelerating relevance of Industry 5.0 and its transformative implications for marketing strategy, consumer engagement, and organizational competitiveness. While Industry 4.0’s foundations automation, digitalization, and data-driven processes have substantially shaped contemporary marketing, the transition toward Industry 5.0 represents a more human-centered evolution. This paradigm emphasizes collaborative intelligence, sustainability, personalization, and meaningful human–machine interaction (Nahavandi, 2019). Despite its strategic significance, discussions on Industry 5.0 within mainstream marketing scholarship remain insufficiently developed, calling for deeper theoretical and empirical inquiry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Archives of Management and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic Burden of Rehabilitation Services Among Parents of Childrenwith Autism Spectrum Disorder in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: This study quantifies the economic burden of rehabilitation services on families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Karachi, Pakistan, and identifies associated socioeconomic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 parents of children (aged 3-14 years) diagnosed with ASD. Data were collected through structured interviews assessing sociodemographic characteristics, direct rehabilitation costs (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, special education), indirect costs (transportation, assistive devices, caregiver support), and perceived financial stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The average monthly total cost was PKR 37,900 ± 10,600, with direct service costs averaging PKR 28,500 ± 8,200 and indirect expenses PKR 9,400 ± 4,600. Seventy percent of parents reported moderate to high financial stress. Monthly household income significantly predicted financial burden (p = 0.01), with lower-income families experiencing disproportionate strain. Nearly all costs were paid out-of-pocket due to minimal public funding. Conclusion: This study provides critical baseline evidence on ASD rehabilitation costs in Pakistan, where such data are scarce. Findings highlight significant socioeconomic inequities and support policy recommendations for subsidized therapy programs and financial assistance mechanisms.
Cost Analysis of Telemedicine vs. In-Person Consultations of Stroke Patients inPrimary Healthcare
Background: To evaluate the perceived costs and feasibility of telemedicine consultations, compared with in-person consultations among patients with stroke, in primary healthcare settings in Pakistan. The study aimed to assess the potential costs and time savings to provide evidence-based information to inform decisions for the implementation of telemedicine in a low-resource environment. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used, involving a convenience sample of 30 stroke patients recruited from Al Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad, and Ikram Hospital, Gujrat. Data was collected through a structured survey which captured patient demographics, patient clinical characteristics, cost of in-person consultations, technology access, and perceived costs of telemedicine consultations. Independent t-tests were used to compare mean costs and time differences between in-person and telemedicine consultation models. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The average total cost of an in-person consultation was PKR 7,440±2,680, while telemedicine was estimated to cost around PKR 1,200 ± 480, representing an average cost saving of PKR 6,240 ± 2,300 (p< 0.001). In addition, telemedicine consultations reduced consultation time from 6.8±3.2 hours to 1.2±0.6 hours (p< 0.001). The vast majority of families (93.3%) felt that telemedicine would be both time and cost-efficient, with particularly strong support from families residing in rural areas, who faced higher travel and overnight accommodation costs. Conclusion: The study revealed that telemedicine may increase equity in access to services for patients, and will reduce the economic burden on families, while increasing access to services, which presents a strong rationale for its inclusion in national stroke management systems low- and middle-income countries.
Effect of Ergophobia on the Performance of Pakistani Pink-Collar Workers
Background: The objective was to find out how Pakistani pink-collar workers' performance is affected by ergophobia, with a particular emphasis on the mediating function of work-life balance (WLB). This study investigated how anxiety and dread at work affect women in service-oriented professions' personal balance and professional effectiveness. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to gather data from 384 female employees in Pakistan's tertiary industries using a cross-sectional approach. Smart PLS was used to analyse the data, and structural equation modelling was used to test hypotheses and evaluate validity and reliability. Results: The results showed that ergophobia has a substantial and detrimental impact on WLB and performance. Furthermore, it was shown that WLB improved performance and acted as a mediator in the association between ergophobia and performance. This implies that anxiety at work disrupts the balance between personal and professional life, which in turn impairs job outcomes. Conclusion: It was shown that reducing workplace anxiety is essential to raising pink-collar workers' job performance and general well-being.The study emphasizes the need for mental health programs and supporting organizational procedures that foster psychological safety, adaptability, and equilibrium in Pakistan's changing service workforce. Keywords: Anxiety, Ergophobia, Fear, Work-life balance, Performance, Workplace fear
Adoption of Virtual Reality Tourism: A Catalyst for Economic Revitalisation
The global tourism industry has significantly grown in the past few years. It gained around 10% of the world’s GDP, which marks around $10.9 trillion in 2024. Besides this, particularly focusing on technological and experiential aspects of the industry, it stands at a critical stage which needs to redefine the needs of the overall industry. Among technologies, VR has played an extensive role in the tourism industry by making a significant contribution of $10 billion in 2024 and is expected to gain a CAGR 30% in the next ten years. North America and Asia Pacific countries dominate the VR tourism industry, contributing in the form of hardware development to transforming the software needs of the industry. Adopting such technologies is a key driver for economic diversification, sustainable growth and resilience, especially for developing countries like Pakistan, which already have an enriched nature and diverse culture.
Impact of Green Human Resource Management Practices on Sustainable Practices in Rehabilitation Centers: The Mediating Role of Employee Green Behavior
Background: This research paper examined the influence of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices on sustainable practices in rehabilitation centers, with a particular emphasis on the mediating function of environmental regulation awareness and the moderating effect of organizational culture. Based on the Resource-Based View and Institutional Theory, the study examined a model that includes green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management, and green compensation and awards. Methods: Data were gathered from healthcare and rehabilitation professionals employed in rehabilitation centers throughout Pakistan. Utilizing Smart PLS for structural equation modelling, the results indicated that all four GHRM activities considerably increased awareness of environmental rules, which subsequently played a substantial role in the adoption of sustainable practices in rehabilitation centers. Results: Mediation research revealed that awareness of environmental regulations partially mediated the association between each factor of GHRM and sustainable activities. Moreover, organizational culture was identified as a moderating factor in the relationship between awareness of environmental regulations and sustainable behaviors, indicating that a supportive culture enhances sustainability outcomes Conclusion: This study theoretically enhances the debate on GHRM in healthcare by elucidating the mechanisms via which HR systems might foster sustainability in rehabilitation centers.
Ginning Challenges: A Case Study of SM Cotton Ginning Factory
Abstract SM cotton ginning factory is a medium-sized cotton ginning factory located in Uthal tehsil district Lasbela Baluchistan, Land of Uthal tehsil. Cotton ginning is a critical step in the cotton value chain, where cotton fibers are separated from seeds. Pakistan is the world’s 4th largest producer and consumer of cotton. The cotton industry is also a cause of better economy. In Pakistan there are more than 1,220 cotton ginning units most of the ginning units are located in Punjab and Sindh. Pakistan Cotton Ginners Association (PCGA) represents the industry for advocating ginners interests and addressing their challenges. During the crop year 2023-24 Pakistan cotton ginning industry produced about 10.2 million bales of cotton. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan fiscal year 2023-24 Pakistan exported textile of around 16 billion USD and exported cotton of around 1.42 billion USD. Textile industry contributes around 60% of the Pakistan total exports. The SM cotton ginning factory under study is currently grappling with severe financial losses, mainly caused by a significant decrease in cotton prices, increasing operational costs, and other market-related challenges. From the recent years, a decline in ginned cotton prices and the rise in production costs, has led the SM factory into a financial crisis. There are a variety of external and internal factors, including overproduction, fluctuations in global demand, and unfavorable weather conditions. While the factory's operational costs, such as labor, machinery maintenance, and energy consumption, have remained constant or even increased due to inflation, the income generated from the sale of cotton has decreased, leading to financial losses. This has directly impacted on the factory’s profitability. The company's management and leadership have actively engaged in both internal and external strategies to turn the business around. The factory’s leadership has worked on identifying areas where expenses could be minimized. SM management took measures to reduce energy consumption, optimized labor allocation, and negotiated better deals with suppliers to secure raw cotton at competitive rates. These measures were aimed at preserving profit margins amid declining prices. The factory sought to develop value-added products such as cottonseed oil and cotton by-products. Management sought internal funding for last year’s profit and friendly loans from partners to support operational activities. The finance department also worked on restructuring payment terms with suppliers. Focused on continuous manufacturing during the cotton season to meet the market demand and supply. This case thought lessons to deal with competitors and increase profitability by cost management, product diversification, diversified recruitment, production efficiency and friendly relation with suppliers
This case thought lessons to deal with competitors and increase profitability by cost management, product diversification, diversified recruitment, production efficiency and friendly relation with suppliers.
Turning Boycotts into Markets: The Role of Animosity and Social Norms in HalalConsumption
Background: Boycotts are a common way for people to show their activism, often based on ethical, political, or religious reasons. In places where most people are Muslim, these boycotts often relate to the choice of halal products, as consumers tend to avoid brands that don't meet their religious or moral standards. This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior, Animosity Theory, and Religious Consumption Theory to explore how people's attitudes toward boycotts, their level of religiosity, and their knowledge about halal products affect their desire to buy halal items. Methods: A survey was carried out among 410 Muslim consumers in Pakistan using purposive sampling. Scales that had been used in previous studies were modified to fit a 5-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed using PLS-SEM (Smart PLS 4.1) to check the reliability and validity of the measurements, also to examine the relationships between variables, including mediation and moderation effects. Results: Boycott attitude (β = 0.421, p < 0.001) and religiosity (β = 0.317, p < 0.001) predicted consumer animosity; halal knowledge (β = 0.296, p < 0.001) directly influenced halal purchase intention. Consumer animosity positively affected purchase intention (β = 0.418, p < 0.001) and mediated both boycott attitude and religiosity effects. Subjective norms strengthened the animosity–intention link (β = 0.102, p = 0.019). The model explained 64.3% of purchase intention variance. Conclusion: Findings highlight the intertwined moral, emotional, and social drivers of boycott-driven halal consumption, offering both theoretical contributions and strategic implications for halal marketers and policymakers.
The Effect of Return on Equity, Earnings per Share, and Price Earnings Ratio on Stock Prices in the Insurance Sector of Pakistan (2019-2023)
Background: This paper investigates the impact of three major financial metrics i.e. Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings per Share (EPS), and Price-to-Earnings Ratio (PER) on stock prices in Pakistan's insurance sector. The objectives of this study is to examine whether these financial indicators significantly influence market valuation and to provide empirical evidence from an emerging economy context. Methods: A quantitative research design was adopted, using panel data from 15 insurance companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2019 to 2023. Secondary data were obtained from annual reports, the PSX database, and the State Bank of Pakistan. Panel least squares regression was employed in EViews software to test the relationships between stock prices (dependent variable) and the financial indicators (independent variables). Results: The results show that all three financial ratios—ROE, EPS, and PER—have a statistically significant and positive impact on stock prices. EPS exerts the most decisive influence, followed by PER and ROE. The regression model demonstrates high explanatory power (R² = 0.871), confirming that firm-level profitability and valuation ratios are key determinants of stock price movements in Pakistan's insurance sector. Conclusion: This study contributes to the limited literature on emerging markets by providing robust evidence from Pakistan's under-researched insurance sector. The findings offer practical insights for investors, policymakers, and corporate managers, emphasizing the importance of financial performance indicators in investment decision-making and stock market efficiency.
Infection Control in the Age of Sustainability: Rethinking Healthcare Practices
infection prevention, environmental stewardship, healthcare sustainability, medical waste reduction, green healthcare
Breaking Barriers in Gender Diversity and Inclusion: A Case of Tea Manufacturing Company of Pakistan
Background of the Study: Gender inclusion and diversity are crucial in creating high-performing workplaces. This case study describes how a top tea company has resolved systemic gender disparities to create an inclusive workplace. By ensuring gender balance—especially in sales positions—business has created a balanced workforce and empowered employees. The leadership has been proactive in ensuring equal opportunities, showing a larger plan to drive organizational performance through inclusion. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used, including internal documentation, leadership interviews, and employee surveys. Recruitment and promotion patterns and gender-specific training programs were the focus of study. Specific emphasis was given to tracking changes in female participation in sales, as well as employee participation and performance variations. Results: The company observed a higher rate of women's involvement in sales, thus introducing diversified ideas that promoted innovation and collaboration. Inclusive approaches and training created psychological safety, leading to more employee motivation and creativity. Such advancements led to improved productivity and a diversified talent pool. Conclusion: The company's gender inclusion approach revolutionized its corporate culture and business effectiveness. Through maintaining equal opportunity and inclusive values, it showed the way diversity leads to innovation and long-term success and left an example to others.
Team Dynamics and Emotional Intelligence: An Overlooked Determinant of Educational Quality in Pakistan
I want to draw attention to emotional intelligence (EI) and how it interacts with team dynamics, especially team-member exchange (TMX), which is a crucial but little-studied factor in determining the quality of education in Pakistan. The socio-emotional skills of teachers and the caliber of their professional interactions are still mainly disregarded, despite the fact that national educational reforms have concentrated on curriculum innovation, teacher certification, and digital transformation. It is becoming more widely acknowledged that emotional intelligence is the capacity to detect, control, and manage emotions in both oneself and others and it is also a predictor of professional performance (Law et al., 2004). High-EI teachers typically create more inclusive learning environments, better handle classroom stress, and increase student involvement. Emotional intelligence (EI) is a vital psychological resource in Pakistan's educational system, which is frequently marked by heavy workloads, subpar student-teacher ratios, and little administrative assistance (Pervaiz et al., 2019).
Role of Physical Therapy in Reducing Economic Burden of Low Back Pain: A Social Sciences Analysis
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major contributor to global disability and economic burden, significantly impacting healthcare systems, workplace productivity, and individual well-being. Despite its high prevalence, LBP is often poorly managed, leading to chronicity and increased societal costs. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted in an urban setting rehabilitation centers in Pakistan over a 6-month period. A total of 385 participants with non-specific LBP were selected using purposive sampling. Participants were categorized into two groups: those receiving structured physical therapy and those under conventional care management. Outcome measures included direct treatment costs, number of workdays lost, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and patient-reported quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26 for quantitative data (descriptive statistics, t-tests, and regression analysis), while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative responses. Results: Participants receiving physical therapy demonstrated a significant reduction in direct healthcare costs compared to those under conventional care (Mean±SD: PKR 6,800±1,200 vs. PKR 11,300±1,800; p<0.001). The mean number of workdays lost was also significantly lower in the physical therapy group (5.2±2.1 days vs. 11.6±3.4 days; p<0.01). Pain intensity, measured using the Visual Analog Scale, decreased from a baseline mean of 7.6±1.1 to 3.1±0.9 after four weeks of therapy (p<0.001). Quality of life scores, assessed via a modified WHOQOL-BREF, improved significantly in domains of physical health and social participation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Physical therapy plays a crucial role in reducing the economic burden of low back pain through cost-effective management and improved functional outcomes. A socially informed, early-intervention model of care can significantly reduce long-term economic burden on individuals and health systems. Findings support policy recommendations for integrating physical therapy into primary care strategies as a cost-effective approach to LBP management.
Economic Burden and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Associated with Cardiac Diseases in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Analysis
Background: Cardiac diseases represent a significant public health challenge in Pakistan, contributing significantly to mortality, morbidity, and economic burden. Despite the prevalence of cardiovascular conditions in low- and middle-income countries, comprehensive data on economic impact and disability burden remain limited in Pakistan. This study aimed to explore the economic burden and quantify disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with cardiac diseases across healthcare settings in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods analysis was conducted across major healthcare facilities in Islamabad and Sindh (Hyderabad) from January 2023 to December 2024. Primary data collection involved 1,486 cardiac patients combined with secondary analysis of hospital records. Direct, indirect, and intangible costs were systematically assessed using a societal perspective. DALYs were calculated using WHO methodology, incorporating years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, regression modelling, and sensitivity analyses. Results: Mean annual direct medical costs were PKR 387,450 per patient in Islamabad and PKR 298,750 in Hyderabad. Total societal costs reached PKR 892,340 and PKR 674,890, respectively. Catastrophic health expenditure affected 68.4% of Islamabad families and 74.2% in Hyderabad. The analysis identified 847,620 DALYs lost annually, with ischemic heart disease accounting for 52.3% of the burden. Regional disparities showed higher DALY rates in Sindh (1,456 per 100,000) versus Islamabad (1,289 per 100,000). Conclusion: This comprehensive assessment reveals substantial healthcare and societal costs, with widespread catastrophic health expenditure indicating significant financial vulnerability. The considerable DALY burden underscores urgent needs for enhanced prevention strategies and improved care services, with critical implications for healthcare policy and resource allocation.
Cost-benefit Analysis of Early Speech-Language Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Public vs. Private Sector Perspective in Pakistan
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition significantly impacting children and families through communication and social interaction deficits. While early speech-language intervention demonstrates effectiveness for children with ASD, limited research exists comparing cost-effectiveness across public and private healthcare sectors, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study analyzed 256 participants (128 per sector) consisting of parents of children with ASD aged 2-6 years receiving speech-language therapies in Karachi, Pakistan. Data collection utilized demographic questionnaires, validated clinical assessments (CARS-2, PLS-5, VABS-3), cost assessment instruments, and quality of life measures. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, and economic evaluations using cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit frameworks. Results: Significant intersectoral differences emerged across demographic, clinical, and economic variables. Private sector families demonstrated higher socioeconomic status (71.9% earning >PKR 75,000 versus 10.2% public sector) and achieved superior clinical outcomes, with children showing 12.8-point higher language scores and 11.3-point socialization improvements. Despite higher annual costs (PKR 198,450 versus PKR 89,340), private services demonstrated superior cost-effectiveness with better benefit-cost ratios (2.12 versus 1.84) and shorter payback periods (2.8 versus 3.2 years). Conclusions: Early speech-language intervention generates substantial benefits across both sectors, with private services achieving superior clinical outcomes and long-term cost-effectiveness despite higher initial investments. Findings support increased public sector investment and policy interventions to enhance service quality while addressing socioeconomic disparities in autism intervention access.
Economic Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in Urban Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Direct and Indirect Costs
Background: Diabetes mellitus represents a rapidly growing public health challenge in Pakistan, with urban populations experiencing particularly high prevalence rates. The economic burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems remains inadequately quantified, limiting evidence-based policy formulation. To comprehensively assess the direct and indirect economic costs associated with diabetes mellitus among urban populations in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted across major healthcare facilities in Islamabad and Karachi involving 1,324 diagnosed diabetic patients recruited through systematic sampling. Direct costs included medical expenses (consultations, medications, laboratory tests, hospitalizations), while indirect costs encompassed productivity losses, transportation expenses, and caregiver time. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires, medical record reviews, and three-month cost diaries. Economic analysis was conducted from healthcare system and societal perspectives. Results: Mean annual direct medical costs were PKR 89,750 per patient in Islamabad and PKR 76,340 in Karachi. Total annual costs including indirect expenses reached PKR 156,890 and PKR 134,220 respectively. Medications constituted 43.2% of direct costs, followed by monitoring and consultations (28.7%). Catastrophic health expenditure affected 52.8% of families in Islamabad and 58.3% in Karachi. Type 2 diabetes patients with complications incurred 2.3 times higher costs than those without complications. Lower-income families spent proportionally more household income on diabetes management (18.4% vs. 7.2%). Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus imposes significant economic burden on urban Pakistani populations, with substantial costs disproportionately affecting lower-income families. High catastrophic health expenditure prevalence indicates inadequate financial protection mechanisms. Findings highlight urgent needs for comprehensive prevention programs, improved healthcare financing, and enhanced primary care services.
Pollution as a Catalyst for Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Emerging Business Models in Waste Valorization and Green Innovation
The intersection of pollution and economic innovation offers a robust avenue to sustainable development. While pollution poses a serious risk to ecosystems and public health—causing about 9 million premature deaths yearly (Landrigan et al., 2022)—it also drives entrepreneurial processes that reconcile profitability with environmental stewardship. Empirical studies substantiate how waste valorization, green technology innovation, and policy-driven markets can turn environmental challenges into sustainable opportunities. Industrial symbiosis frameworks, for instance, where the by-product of one industry is the raw material for another, have achieved a 20% reduction in emissions at the Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park in Denmark (Chertow & Ehrenfeld, 2023). Similarly, firms such as LanzaTech convert industrial carbon emissions into ethanol, earning $150 million in revenue and releasing 200,000 tons of CO₂ back to the environment yearly (Zimmerman et al., 2021). These examples undermine the argument that sustainability will suppress economic development.
Investigating the Intensity of Public Speaking Anxiety among Management Sciences Undergraduate Students
Background: The dread of public speaking is a widespread occurrence, particularly among students. Speaking in public and expressing our opinions can be quite difficult when we are anxious. This research examines the intensities of public speaking anxiety management sciences undergraduate student faces have while interacting with the public. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and involved 384 students, including first, second, third and final year management sciences undergraduate students from several Karachi institutions. The PRSPA scale was used to collect data using Google forms. Results: According to the study, undergraduate students in the Management Sciences experience less fear when speaking in front of an audience as their academic year increases. Students in their last year reported the lowest levels of anxiety (62.5% low anxiety, mean score 94.58), while those in their first year had the greatest levels (67.7% high anxiety, mean score 131.39). Anxiety levels gradually decreased from the first to the fourth year, most likely as a result of more presentations, class debates, and developing communication skills. Higher years also showed less variation in worry, suggesting more consistent levels of confidence. Conclusions: Depending on how different students suffer public speaking anxiety, educational institutions can adjust their support services to better meet the requirements of the former group. First year students adjusting to the demands of college life may benefit most from early therapy that emphasizes stress management, public speaking techniques, and anxiety reduction.
Unpacking the Social and Health Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Performance in Selected Public Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria
Background: The rapid spread of Covid-19 necessitated all businesses to abruptly shut down overnight except for health workers who battled the situation and salvaged its increase. How this era shaped the performance and mental well-being of healthcare workers requires an examination, hence this study. Thus, this study examined the social and health effects of Covid-19 pandemic on the performance of healthcare workers in selected public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: The study was hinged on the dethnomethodical theory and health behaviour theory. The study was cross-sectional with a sample size of 155 respondents obtained via quantitative data gathering process. Results: Findings revealed that Covid-19 significantly affected the social and health status of healthcare workers with 0.767, p=.000. Evidence further revealed that Covid-19 equivalently contributed to the social well-being of health workers with 0.879, p=.000. In addition, finding indicated that a positive effect of Covid-19 was found on the work pattern of health workers with 0.748, p=.000). Conclusion: The study concluded that COVID-19 affected the social health and well-being of healthcare workers as well as their work pattern; and for a developing country like Nigeria, lack of awareness played a principal role which further induced mental stress. Therefore, managements of public hospitals should provide health workers with continuous trainings to combat unforeseen circumstances like the Covid-19 pandemic.
Evaluating the Causes of Extension-of-Time Requests in the Construction Industry Projects
Background of the Study: The construction industry serves as an important driver of socio-economic growth in the developing countries in terms of urbanization and infrastructural development. However, construction projects often have to face issues of social, political and technical nature, leading to a delayed completion of the projects. Consequently, these delays in the construction projects result in cost escalations, compromised quality and dissatisfaction among the stakeholders. This highlights a need for comprehensive understanding of their root causes. This study thus focuses on examining the underlying causes of Extension of Time (EoT) requests in the construction projects of Pakistan and their consequent impact on the success of these projects. Methodology: To peruse the research objective, quantitative research using non-probability convenience sampling technique was employed and the data were collected from 252 construction industry professionals such as construction managers, engineers, team members, clients, contractors etc. Results: The results of this study confirmed that the “Project Management Factors, Project Complexity, Contractual Factors and External Factors” are the most significant factors contributing to the time extension requests in the construction industry projects. Conclusion: This study suggests that well managed projects having clear understandings of external factors by both the parties are likely to be completed on time.
Evaluating the Economic Burden of Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Identifying the Cost of Physical Therapy Services for Stroke Survivors
Background of the Study: Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with post-stroke care and rehabilitation services constituting a significant portion of healthcare costs. The economic burden on stroke survivors varies based on factors such as rehabilitation facility type, insurance coverage, and socioeconomic status. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 post-stroke patients across different healthcare facilities. The study aimed to assess the economic cost of physical therapy services, considering both direct and indirect expenditures. Results: The findings revealed that the mean monthly expense of physical therapy was $1,240 per patient, with substantial variations based on stroke severity, rehabilitation setting, and insurance status. Direct medical expenses accounted for 62% of total costs, while indirect costs, including productivity losses and unpaid caregiving, comprised 38%. Uninsured individuals and patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds faced a disproportionately higher financial burden. Rehabilitation costs were highest during the first six months post-stroke and declined over time. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant economic burden of stroke rehabilitation, emphasizing the need for cost-efficient interventions, expanded insurance coverage, and targeted financial assistance for vulnerable populations. These findings provide essential insights for healthcare policy formulation and resource allocation to reduce the economic strain on stroke survivors and healthcare systems.
Copyright (c) 2024 Archives of Management and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigating TikTok Ramifications on Pakistani Zoomers
Background: TikTok is presently one of the most popular and widely used social networking applications that Zoomers is addicted to, which is causing a lot of social and psychological issues among Zoomers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between TikTok usage and social and psychological ramifications among Pakistani Zoomers. Methods: A cross-sectional study method was used. A total of 384 Pakistanis born during the years (1997- 2006) were targeted via an online 18-item questionnaire. A convenient sampling technique was used, and the data was analyzed using innovative Partial Least Squares (PLS) software. Structural equation modelling and correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The study’s results indicated a strong positive relationship between TikTok usage and social and psychological ramifications among Pakistani Zoomers. The results’ significant P-values and beta values were positive and less than 0.05. Conclusions: The study concluded that TikTok usage had resulted in cyberbullying, security threats and harassment issues, and also it had caused depression, insomnia, inattention and anxiety issues among the users. Henceforth, zoomers should be aware, guided, counselled and trained to overcome the adverse ramifications of TikTok. Policies to prevent cyberbullying and harassment should be planned, informed and implemented to promote peace and security.
The Urgent Need for Sustainable Business Practices-A Path towards Responsible Growth and Environmental Stewardship
Sustainable business practices are essential for responsible growth and environmental stewardship. Companies integrating sustainability benefit from enhanced reputation, regulatory compliance, and innovation. Consumer preferences and policy frameworks drive this shift. By adopting green supply chains, renewable energy, and circular economies, businesses can ensure long-term profitability while contributing to a sustainable future.
Emotional Intelligence and its Role in Enhancing Workplace Collaboration
Background of the Study: Despite the growing emphasis on emotional intelligence (EI), much-existing research has focused on specific professional relationships, such as those between managers and subordinates, leaving a gap in understanding EI influences among peer-to-peer interactions. As organizational systems evolve, the need for high-functioning, collaborative teams becomes increasingly apparent. Methodology: This study utilized a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to explore the relationship between EI and workplace collaboration comprehensively. The research was conducted across various settings, including hospitals, financial industries, and IT sectors within Karachi. Employees from these diverse sectors provided a representative sample (n=384) using convenience sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Pearson correlation test was applied to assess the correlation between variables. Results: The EI of the participants was determined, and the analyses revealed that in the domain of self-awareness, n=134 (34.89%) had strength, 156 (40.04%) were in the category of need attention, and n=94 (24.47%) were in development priority category. In managing emotions, strength was the result for n=105 (27.5%) of the participants, and need attention was the finding of n=116 (30.2%) and n=163 (42.44%) were in the development priority category. Conclusion: EI can be integrated and developed systematically within organizational structures that foster collaboration, foundation, and performance. Despite recognizing its potential for encouraging successful navigation in the current organizational climate, more focused studies and interventions need to be developed and implemented to enhance EI usage and match it to specific context requirements of the workplace.
The Intersection of Business Law and Education: Preparing the Next Generation of Leaders
In today’s interconnected global economy, organizational leaders must navigate complex legal environments and make decisions aligned with organizational goals and societal values (Lescrauwaet et al., 2022). In the pluralistic world of business law and education, the interplay between these two fields is not only an academic endeavour but a pragmatic framework for creating informed, ethical, and effective leadership (Stefkovich and Frick., 2021). Business law is an essential building block towards understanding not only the regulation of risk and the maintenance of minimum standards within society but also professional skills that underpin the fundamentals of many leadership-aspiring individuals in other fields.
Robo-Advisors and Digital Wealth Management: Revolutionizing Investment Strategies
Over the last two decades, the finance sector has seen remarkable changes primarily due to having robo advisors and digital wealth management services at their side. These new technologies utilize the power of AI, machine learning and big data algorithms to deliver tailor-made investment solutions automatically. Moreover, with such levels of automation, financial services go directly into the customer’s pockets, altering how people invest and make plans for their money. Robo advisors, in particular, became popular after the 2008 recession, partly due to criticism aimed at traditional financial advisors who charged exorbitant fees while offering very little transparency. This was a perfect opportunity for automated platforms to fill in the gaps. Robo advisors have democratized wealth management by leveraging algorithms considering risk appetite, goals, and market factors. For example, Betterment, Wealthfront, and Robinhood are popular among millennials and Gen Z investors. These platforms are usually cheaper than traditional advisors, charging between 0.25% and 0.50% yearly fees on assets managed by the provider, and most of them require very little to no initial investment, particularly appealing to beginner investors.
Factors Influencing Patient Loyalty: Trust, Empathy, and Service Quality in Private Healthcare
Background of the study: The study investigates the critical factors influencing patient loyalty within Sindh's private healthcare sector, focusing mainly on patients' perceptions of the services provided. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 participants, and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results: The analysis revealed that perceived empathy from healthcare staff, which influences patient loyalty, is predominantly driven by staff competence, social responsibility, and responsiveness. Interestingly, trustworthiness did not exhibit a significant relationship with either perceived empathy or company loyalty. Instead, tangible care activities—such as directly interacting with patients, assisting them, and holding healthcare staff accountable—significantly enhanced patients' attachment and loyalty. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of visible, real-time trust-building actions over theoretical trust attributes in influencing patient loyalty. Private health facilities should focus on enhancing staff responsiveness and accountability to foster positive patient relationships and develop a sustainable model of patient loyalty.
The Interplay of Workplace Emotional Health, Work-Life Balance, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Healthcare
Background of the study: Workplace emotional health is an important dimension that affects the well-being and performance of the healthcare professionals, doctors as well as nurses, due to high social and emotional demands. Work-life balance and organisational citizenship behavior are vital factors in this regard. However, very limited research has been conducted on the role of work-life balance as a mediator between workplace emotional health and organisational citizenship behavior specifically in the healthcare sector of Pakistan. Methodology: This study utilized an explanatory cross-sectional design. Self-reported surveys were used to collect data on workplace emotional health, work-life balance, and organisational citizenship behaviour. A sample of 203 doctors and nurses aged between 20 and 55+ years participated. Linear regression and mediation analysis (via process macro) were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Results: The findings showed a positive relationship between workplace emotional health and work-life balance. Similarly, work-life balance was positively correlated with organisational citizenship behaviour. A positive relationship was also observed between workplace emotional health and organisational citizenship behaviour. Furthermore, work-life balance was found to partially mediate the relationship between workplace emotional health and organisational citizenship behaviour. Conclusions: The findings also indicated that practices targeting the amelioration of emotional workplace well-being enhance organisational citizenship behaviour when it is used as an integrated mechanism for promoting both work-life balance.
Enhancing Buyer Competitive Advantage: The Role of Supplier Flexibility in the FMCG Sector
Background of the study: This research intends to evaluate the impacts of supplier flexibility on supplier performance and buyer competitive advantage, particularly in Pakistan's fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. The current world has made buyer competitiveness a function of supplier performance, and this paper tries to identify factors such as information sharing, information quality, environmental uncertainties, and buyer-supplier relations. The study would be aimed at filling the gaps in the existing literature, especially about supplier flexibility and how it leads to improvement for both the supplier and the buyer. Methodology: A causal research design was used in this study. Purposive sampling was utilised to collect data from 288 respondents who work in FMCG companies in Karachi, Pakistan. Responses were collected on a five-point Likert scale for providing numerical values. Cronbach's Alpha values were used for data analysis through Smart PLS, and the reliability of the data collected was ensured. Results: Thus, the analysis indicates that the supplier's flexibility enhances supplier performance and contributes to competitive buyer advantage. It supports partial mediation. Thus, the commitment of both buyers and suppliers and the exchange of accurate information between them contribute to higher supplier performance and flexibility. Conclusions: Environmental uncertainty is the primary driver of buyer competitive advantage. The study sets up supplier flexibility as a significant factor in developing competitive advantage in the FMCG industry and underlines the need for supplier development and relationship management. Firms should focus on these areas to improve market sensitivity and sustain competitive advantage.
Impact of Celebrity Endorsements and Online Reviews on Health Product Purchases in Pakistan
Background of the study: The increasing role of celebrity endorsements and online customer reviews in shaping consumer behaviour in Pakistan's health and wellness sector is notable. This research focuses on understanding the impact of celebrity influencers’ credibility and attractiveness on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions toward health products. Methodology: The study employed a five-point Likert scale to gather data, which was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through Smart PLS software. The research incorporated consumer attitudes as a moderating factor to evaluate the combined effectiveness of celebrity endorsements and social media strategies. Results: The findings reveal that celebrity endorsements significantly enhance consumer attitudes and purchase intentions, particularly when the celebrities are perceived as credible and appealing. Furthermore, online reviews are crucial in influencing purchasing decisions, underscoring the importance of customer feedback on digital platforms. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into consumer behaviour in Pakistan's health and wellness sector, emphasizing the strategic integration of celebrity endorsements with social media marketing. By aligning these strategies, marketers can influence consumer behaviour and boost product sales.